Research Case: Why did the Romans holding the citadel refuse to surrender even while watching the city being destroyed?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did the Romans holding the citadel refuse to surrender even while watching the city being destroyed? This question is not simply about why they were brave. Rather, it asks why they could still judge that “Rome had not ended” while the … Read more

Research Case: Why could the Gauls occupy the city of Rome but not immediately capture the Capitol?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why could the Gauls occupy the city of Rome but not immediately capture the Capitol? This question is not simply about whether the Gauls lacked attack power. Rather, it asks why the core part of the Roman state OS did not completely … Read more

Research Case: Why did the elders of Rome choose to remain in the city and accept death?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did the elders of Rome choose to remain in the city and accept death? This question is not simply about why they did not escape. Rather, it asks how the elders redefined their role after the defeat at the Allia, when … Read more

Research Case: Why did the priests and the Vestal Virgins give highest priority to evacuating the sacred images and objects of the state?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did the priests and the Vestal Virgins give highest priority to evacuating the sacred images and objects of the state? This question is not simply about why they were religious. Rather, it asks why the preservation of sacred images and objects … Read more

Research Case: Why did Roman citizens give up defending the whole city and concentrate on defending the Capitol and the citadel?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did Roman citizens give up defending the whole city and concentrate on defending the Capitol and the citadel? This question is not simply about why Roman citizens fled. Rather, it asks why, after the defeat at the Allia, Rome gave up … Read more