Research Case: Why did Rome fail to take the warning signs of the Gallic invasion seriously?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did Rome fail to take the warning signs of the Gallic invasion seriously? This question is not simply about whether the Romans believed in omens. Rather, it asks why Rome received warning signs as abnormal signals but could not convert them … Read more

Research Case: Why did oracles, omens, and rituals function as triggers for institutional repair in the decision-making OS of the Roman state?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 ted as one integrated structure that supported the legitimacy of the state OS. During the Veii War, Rome continued a long siege.But military action alone could not solve the problem.The war had become long. Commanders were in conflict. War tax created opposition. Soldiers’ pay … Read more

Research Case: Why did Rome need not only military power, but also oracles, omens, and rituals in the conquest of Veii?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did Rome need not only military power, but also oracles, omens, and rituals in the conquest of Veii? This question is not only about ancient religious belief.In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 5, the conquest of Veii was … Read more