Research Case: Why did Verginius try to protect freedom by killing his daughter?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 3 1. Question Why did Verginius try to protect freedom by killing his daughter? This is one of the most difficult questions in Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 3. A father killed his daughter. This act cannot be praised from a modern … Read more

Research Case: Why did a free citizen face the danger of being enslaved by the judgment of a powerful official?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 3 1. Question Why did a free citizen face the danger of being enslaved by the judgment of a powerful official? This question examines the institutional meaning of the Verginia incident in Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 3. The issue in the … Read more

Research Case: Why did justice become a device that legalized Appius’ private desire?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 3 1. Question Why did justice become a device that legalized Appius’ private desire? This question examines the institutional meaning of the Verginia incident in the latter part of Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 3. In the Verginia incident, law and courts … Read more

Research Case: Why was the Verginia incident not merely a private crime, but a sign of the collapse of the governing OS?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 3 1. Question Why was the Verginia incident not merely a private crime, but a sign of the collapse of the governing OS? This question examines the core meaning of the latter part of Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 3. At first … Read more

Research Case: Why could Rome realize struggle through discussion inside institutions, instead of struggle through force?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 3 1. Question Why could Rome realize struggle through discussion inside institutions, instead of struggle through force? This question examines the institutional meaning of Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 3. In the Roman Republic, the conflict between the patricians and the plebeians … Read more

Research Case: Why could tribunician power become an obstacle to state crisis response, even though it was a device for protecting the plebeians?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 3 1. Question Why could tribunician power become an obstacle to state crisis response, even though it was a device for protecting the plebeians? This question examines the two sided nature of tribunician power in Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 3. Tribunician … Read more

Research Case: Why was Roman freedom protected by the right of appeal and tribunician power?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 3 1. Question Why was Roman freedom protected by the right of appeal and tribunician power? This question concerns the institutional conclusion of Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 3. In the Roman Republic, freedom did not mean a condition without power. Rome … Read more

Research Case: Why did the Decemvirate change from a reform institution into a despotic institution?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 3 1. Question Why did the Decemvirate change from a reform institution into a despotic institution? This question is central to Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 3. The Decemvirate was not created as a despotic institution from the beginning. Originally, the Decemvirate … Read more

Research Case: Why did the second Decemvirate become dangerous after suspending the right of appeal and tribunician power?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 3 1. Question Why did the second Decemvirate become dangerous after suspending the right of appeal and tribunician power? This question examines the Decemvirate problem in Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 3, from the perspective of institutional design. The danger of the … Read more

Research Case: What does it mean that no public office should be created beyond the reach of appeal?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 3 1. Question What does it mean that no public office should be created beyond the reach of appeal? This question concerns the core of freedom in the Roman Republic. Public office requires authority. A state needs people who can command, judge, levy troops, impose … Read more