Research Case: Why does the action of Lucius Albinius symbolize Rome’s religious order in a state of emergency?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why does the action of Lucius Albinius symbolize Rome’s religious order in a state of emergency? This question is not simply about why Albinius was kind. Rather, it asks why, in the extreme crisis of the Gallic disaster, he gave priority to … Read more

Research Case: Why was the defeat at the Allia not merely a tactical defeat, but a total collapse of recognition, preparation, command, and religious procedure?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why was the defeat at the Allia not merely a tactical defeat, but a total collapse of recognition, preparation, command, and religious procedure? This question is not simply about why the Roman army lost at the Allia. Rather, it asks what kind … Read more

Research Case: Why did Rome not punish the three men of the Fabii, but instead elect them as military tribunes with consular power?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did Rome not punish the three men of the Fabii, but instead elect them as military tribunes with consular power? This question is not simply about why Rome made a bad decision. Rather, it asks why Rome, at the moment when … Read more

Research Case: Why did the actions of the Fabii envoys give the Gauls a legitimate reason to attack Rome?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did the actions of the Fabii envoys give the Gauls a legitimate reason to attack Rome? This question is not simply about why the envoys acted rashly. Rather, it asks why the actions of envoys, who should have helped Rome avoid … Read more

Research Case: Why did the Roman envoys fail as a diplomatic interface in their contact with the Gauls?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did the Roman envoys fail as a diplomatic interface in their contact with the Gauls? This question is not simply about why the envoys acted rashly. Rather, it asks why the envoys, who should have helped Rome avoid war, failed to … Read more

Research Case: Why did Rome choose to send envoys instead of military reinforcements in the crisis at Clusium?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did Rome choose to send envoys instead of military reinforcements in the crisis at Clusium? This question is not simply about why Rome did not send an army. Rather, it asks why Rome did not treat the Clusium crisis as an … Read more

Research Case: Why could Camillus become the central figure in the rescue of Rome while he was in exile at Ardea?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why could Camillus become the central figure in the rescue of Rome while he was in exile at Ardea? This question is not simply about why an exiled hero returned. It is a question about why Camillus, who was outside the Roman … Read more

Research Case: Why did the good faith of Camillus have more power than military victory to connect the enemy to the Roman order?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did the good faith of Camillus have more power than military victory to connect the enemy to the Roman order? This question is not only about whether Camillus was a noble person.In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 5, … Read more

Research Case: Why Should the Defection of Allied Cities and Colonial Cities Be Treated as Damage to the Roman Diplomatic OS?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 4 1. Question Why should the defection of allied cities and colonial cities be treated as damage to the Roman diplomatic OS? In Book 4 of Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, surrounding cities such as Fidenae, Ardea, and Labici are described not as … Read more

Research Case: What Helped Rome Besides Luck during the Crisis of State Collapse Caused by Plague?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 3 1. Question What helped Rome besides luck during the crisis of state collapse caused by plague? In Livy’s Book 3, Rome falls into a serious crisis caused by plague. The plague was not only a health problem. The consuls and leading citizens became ill.The … Read more