Research Cases

Structural case studies on states, companies, and civilizations, analyzed through Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) and OS Organizational Design Theory.

Research Case: Why Did the Debt Problem Change from a Private Contract Issue into a State Problem That Affected Republican Integration and Military Mobilization?

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A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, debt repeatedly appears as a major political issue. At first, debt seems to belong to private law. It concerns questions such as: However, in Book VII, debt becomes connected to a much … Read more

Research Case: How Can We Judge Whether Emergency Power Is a Legitimate Crisis Response or an Exercise of Power for Class Interests?

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A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, the dictatorship appears in very different situations. In some cases, emergency authority helped Rome respond to serious crises: In other cases, the same type of extraordinary authority was used in ways that … Read more

Research Case: Why Were the Dictatorship and the Interregnum Used to Bypass the Licinian Law?

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A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, the Licinian Sextian law opened the consulship to plebeians. However, the law did not end political conflict over access to the consulship. Book VII describes repeated attempts to use: in ways that … Read more

Research Case: Why Could the Tribunes of the Plebs Restrain a Dictator Who Used Emergency Power beyond Its Original Purpose?

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A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, Lucius Manlius was appointed dictator for a limited religious purpose: to perform the nail driving ritual during a plague. However, after completing the ritual, Manlius moved beyond that mission. He began preparing … Read more

Research Case: Why Did the Authority Granted for the Nail Driving Ritual Expand into Recruitment and War?

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A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, Rome suffered from a continuing plague. After earlier religious measures failed to end the crisis, the Senate recalled an old precedent and appointed Lucius Manlius as dictator for a specific purpose: to … Read more

Research Case: Why Did Rome Use the Dictatorship for Different Crises Such as Plague, War, Elections, and Military Revolt?

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A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, Rome used the dictatorship in very different kinds of crises. These included: At first sight, these crises seem unrelated. A plague is a crisis of life, religion, and public anxiety. War is … Read more

Research Case: Why Did Emergency Power Become Both a Tool for Saving the State and a Tool for Political Exclusion?

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A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, the dictatorship appears repeatedly. It was used in several different situations: In some cases, concentrated emergency authority helped Rome respond quickly and successfully. Against the Gauls and the Aurunci, for example, the … Read more

Research Case: What Was Required beyond Opening Public Office for Office Sharing to Become Real Sharing of Governing Authority?

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A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, Lucius Sextius, a plebeian, became consul. This meant that access to one of the highest offices of the Roman Republic was formally opened to plebeians. However, formal access to the consulship did … Read more

Research Case: Why Did the Plebeians Need Access Not Only to the Consulship but Also to the Dictatorship and Censorship?

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A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, plebeians finally gained access to the consulship. Lucius Sextius became consul, and one of the highest magistracies of the Roman Republic was no longer reserved only for patricians. However, plebeian political expansion … Read more

Research Case: Why Was the Military Failure of a Plebeian Consul Used to Deny the Governing Ability of Plebeians as a Whole?

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A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, the opening of the consulship to plebeians was followed by a serious military failure. The plebeian consul Lucius Genucius led the war against the Hernici. He fell into an enemy trap, was … Read more