Research Case: Why Did Brutus Have to Punish Treason Even When the Traitors Were His Own Sons?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 2 1. Question Why did Brutus have to punish treason even when the traitors were his own sons? Livy’s History of Rome, Book II describes the process by which Rome expelled the kings and established the Republic. However, the Republic did not become stable simply … Read more

Research Case: Why Does the Late Crisis of Monarchy Appear Not as the Problem of One Tyrant, but as a Compound Failure of House Networks, Approval Systems, and Upper-Layer Order?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 1 1. Question Why does the late crisis of monarchy appear not as the problem of one tyrant, but as a compound failure of house networks, approval systems, and upper-layer order? 2. Abstract The late crisis of monarchy appears not as the problem of one … Read more

Research Case: Why Does Monarchy End Not Because of External Enemies, but Because Kingship Is Privatized?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 1 1. Question Why does monarchy end not because of external enemies, but because kingship is privatized? 2. Abstract Monarchy ends not because of external enemies, but because kingship is privatized. The reason is that the purpose of monarchy is not simply “to have a … Read more