Three-Layer Analysis

Research Case | Why the Success or Failure of Governance Depends Not on Institutions but on the Awareness of Those Who Operate Them

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1. Question Why does the success or failure of governance depend not on the formal design of institutions themselves, but on the awareness of the actors who operate them? 2. Abstract A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) reading of Zhenguan Zhengyao shows that the success or failure of state governance is not determined simply by whether institutions … Read more

Research Case | Forced Promises, Good Faith, and OS Health

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1. Core Question Is Machiavelli’s proposition — “forced promises do not need to be kept” — really correct? 2. Abstract In Chapter 42 of Book III of Discourses, Machiavelli presents the proposition that forced promises do not need to be kept.However, a promise is not merely a spoken statement. It is the visible form of … Read more