Research Case: How Can We Judge Whether Emergency Power Is a Legitimate Crisis Response or an Exercise of Power for Class Interests?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, the dictatorship appears in very different situations. In some cases, emergency authority helped Rome respond to serious crises: In other cases, the same type of extraordinary authority was used in ways that … Read more

Research Case: Why Were the Dictatorship and the Interregnum Used to Bypass the Licinian Law?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, the Licinian Sextian law opened the consulship to plebeians. However, the law did not end political conflict over access to the consulship. Book VII describes repeated attempts to use: in ways that … Read more

Research Case: Why Could the Tribunes of the Plebs Restrain a Dictator Who Used Emergency Power beyond Its Original Purpose?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, Lucius Manlius was appointed dictator for a limited religious purpose: to perform the nail driving ritual during a plague. However, after completing the ritual, Manlius moved beyond that mission. He began preparing … Read more

Research Case: Why Did the Authority Granted for the Nail Driving Ritual Expand into Recruitment and War?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, Rome suffered from a continuing plague. After earlier religious measures failed to end the crisis, the Senate recalled an old precedent and appointed Lucius Manlius as dictator for a specific purpose: to … Read more

Research Case: Why Did Rome Use the Dictatorship for Different Crises Such as Plague, War, Elections, and Military Revolt?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, Rome used the dictatorship in very different kinds of crises. These included: At first sight, these crises seem unrelated. A plague is a crisis of life, religion, and public anxiety. War is … Read more

Research Case: Why Did Emergency Power Become Both a Tool for Saving the State and a Tool for Political Exclusion?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, the dictatorship appears repeatedly. It was used in several different situations: In some cases, concentrated emergency authority helped Rome respond quickly and successfully. Against the Gauls and the Aurunci, for example, the … Read more

Research Case: Why Did the Plebeians Need Access Not Only to the Consulship but Also to the Dictatorship and Censorship?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, plebeians finally gained access to the consulship. Lucius Sextius became consul, and one of the highest magistracies of the Roman Republic was no longer reserved only for patricians. However, plebeian political expansion … Read more

Research Case: Why was Camillus able to integrate Rome’s military, religion, and politics in the conquest of Veii?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why was Camillus able to integrate Rome’s military, religion, and politics in the conquest of Veii? This question is not only about whether Camillus was a great general.In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book 5, the Veii War was a … Read more

Research Case: Why Did the Roman Republic Keep Adding New Institutions such as Censors, Military Tribunes with Consular Power, and Dictators, While Still Fearing the Concentration and Long Duration of Power?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 4 1. Question Why did the Roman Republic keep adding new institutions such as censors, military tribunes with consular power, and dictators, while still fearing the concentration and long duration of power? In Book 4 of Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Rome has … Read more

Research Case: Why Did External Threats Unite Rome and Also Intensify Internal Political Conflict?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 4 1. Question Why did external threats become both a force that united Rome and a device that intensified internal political conflict? In Book 4 of Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, external threats appear again and again. Veii, Fidenae, the Volsci, the Aequi, … Read more