Founding

Research Case: Why did larger decisions such as war and founding require legitimation through ritual and omens?

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A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 1 1. Question Why did larger decisions such as war and founding require legitimation through ritual and omens? 2. Abstract Larger decisions such as war and founding required legitimation through ritual and omens because they were high-risk and irreversible judgments that could suddenly change the … Read more

Research Case: Why Is Preservation More Difficult than Founding?

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The Shift from External Control to Internal Control in Zhenguan Zhengyao 1. Question Why does preservation become more difficult than founding? 2. Abstract In Zhenguan Zhengyao, Emperor Taizong asks his senior ministers which is more difficult: founding or preservation. Fang Xuanling, who shared the hardships of the founding period with Taizong, answers, “founding.” Wei Zheng, … Read more