External Control

Research Case: Why Is Preservation More Difficult than Founding?

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The Shift from External Control to Internal Control in Zhenguan Zhengyao 1. Question Why does preservation become more difficult than founding? 2. Abstract In Zhenguan Zhengyao, Emperor Taizong asks his senior ministers which is more difficult: founding or preservation. Fang Xuanling, who shared the hardships of the founding period with Taizong, answers, “founding.” Wei Zheng, … Read more

Research Notes No.103 | Can Macroeconomics (External Control) and OS Organizational Design Theory (Internal Control) Coexist?

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— Complementary theories at different control layers — Abstract This note argues that macroeconomics and OS Organizational Design Theory are not rival frameworks. They operate at different control layers: macroeconomics adjusts external conditions (interest rates, money supply, fiscal spending), while OS Organizational Design Theory governs internal control (recognition, information architecture, incentives, and civic capacity). The … Read more