Research Case: Why Was Decius’s Small Detachment Able to Play a Decisive Role in Saving the Entire Roman Army?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, the Roman army led by the consul Aulus Cornelius entered a dangerous position in mountainous Samnite territory. The Roman army was large, but it could no longer use its strength effectively. It … Read more

Research Case: Why Did Cornelius’s Army Face the Risk of Total Destruction in the Mountains?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, the Roman army led by the consul Aulus Cornelius entered a serious crisis in mountainous Samnite territory. The important point is that the crisis did not begin because the Romans had already … Read more

Research Case: Why Did the First Samnite War Transform the Roman Army from a Simple Citizen Militia into a Multi Layer Operational Organization?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question In Livy’s History of Rome from its Foundation, Book VII, the First Samnite War required Rome to conduct military operations of a different scale and complexity from a simple local campaign. Rome had to manage, at the same time: Why did this … Read more

Research Case: How Did Rome Survive Political Conflict, Debt Crisis, Alliance Expansion, and Military Mutiny and Still Build the Capacity for Larger Wars?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question Livy’s Book VII does not describe a stable Roman Republic. Rome faced political conflict between the nobles and the common people over access to the highest magistracies. The common people also suffered from serious debt. At the same time, Rome expanded its … Read more

Research Case: Why Are Military Burden, Property, and Political Participation Integrated in the Servian Organization?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 1 1. Question Why do military burden, property, and political participation become integrated in the Servian organization? 2. Abstract In the Servian organization, military burden, property, and political participation become integrated because the state OS had to reorganize an expanded population not as a mere … Read more