Research Case: Why Did the Patricians Secure the Praetorship and Curule Aedileship in Exchange for Accepting a Plebeian Consul?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question At the beginning of Livy’s Book VII, Lucius Sextius, a plebeian, entered the consulship. This was a major change in the political structure of the Roman Republic. One of Rome’s highest offices was no longer controlled only by the patricians. However, the … Read more

Research Case: Why Did the Sharing of Public Office Begin a New Struggle over Governing Authority Instead of Ending the Conflict between Patricians and Plebeians?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question At the beginning of Livy’s Book VII, an important political change took place in the Roman Republic. Lucius Sextius, a plebeian, became consul. One of the highest offices of the Republic was no longer reserved only for patricians. At first sight, this … Read more

Research Case: How Did Rome Survive Political Conflict, Debt Crisis, Alliance Expansion, and Military Mutiny and Still Build the Capacity for Larger Wars?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 7 1. Question Livy’s Book VII does not describe a stable Roman Republic. Rome faced political conflict between the nobles and the common people over access to the highest magistracies. The common people also suffered from serious debt. At the same time, Rome expanded its … Read more

Research Case: Why did Rome choose to reinstall its state OS in the place called Rome, even after it had become burned ruins?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did Rome choose to reinstall its state OS in the place called Rome, even after it had become burned ruins? This question is not simply about why the Romans returned to a burned city. Rather, it asks why, as the place … Read more

Research Case: Why did Rome choose to rebuild the burned ruins of Rome instead of moving to Veii after defeat?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did Rome choose to rebuild the burned ruins of Rome instead of moving to Veii after defeat? This question is not simply about why the Romans did not choose a more convenient city. Rather, it asks why Rome, after the Gallic … Read more

Research Case: Why did the proposal to move to Veii become not merely a land policy, but a question of the survival of Rome as an urban OS?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did the proposal to move to Veii become not merely a land policy, but a question of the survival of Rome as an urban OS? This question is not simply about why the Romans did not move to a more convenient … Read more

Research Case: Why did the Romans holding the citadel refuse to surrender even while watching the city being destroyed?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did the Romans holding the citadel refuse to surrender even while watching the city being destroyed? This question is not simply about why they were brave. Rather, it asks why they could still judge that “Rome had not ended” while the … Read more

Research Case: Why could the Gauls occupy the city of Rome but not immediately capture the Capitol?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why could the Gauls occupy the city of Rome but not immediately capture the Capitol? This question is not simply about whether the Gauls lacked attack power. Rather, it asks why the core part of the Roman state OS did not completely … Read more

Research Case: Why did the elders of Rome choose to remain in the city and accept death?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why did the elders of Rome choose to remain in the city and accept death? This question is not simply about why they did not escape. Rather, it asks how the elders redefined their role after the defeat at the Allia, when … Read more

Research Case: Why does the action of Lucius Albinius symbolize Rome’s religious order in a state of emergency?

A Three-Layer Analysis (TLA) of Livy, History of Rome, Book 5 1. Question Why does the action of Lucius Albinius symbolize Rome’s religious order in a state of emergency? This question is not simply about why Albinius was kind. Rather, it asks why, in the extreme crisis of the Gallic disaster, he gave priority to … Read more